Viewpoint: giving control valves a clean bill of health

Modern hygienic fluid control applications demand very high standards in terms of cleanliness, not only for the components directly in contact with the process medium, but also for the external surfaces.

Designing and installing complete fluid control systems that meet these stringent criteria requires expert design capabilities and innovative manufacturing facilities, as well as a considerable understanding of the applications.

Process control systems that operate in hygienic environments are subject to extensive levels of regulation and certification as well as regular audits to ensure continued compliance.

Many hygienic processes will use a cleaning procedure, either clean-in-place (CIP) or steam-in-place (SIP)

In order to meet regulatory demands companies are advised to not only carefully plan new installations, but also review more recent innovations that can be implemented on an existing manufacturing process.

Many hygienic processes will use a cleaning procedure, either clean-in-place (CIP) or steam-in-place (SIP), to maintain hygienic conditions within the process pipework and control valves.

These processes can be largely automated and, providing the system has been correctly designed, are very effective in disinfecting and cleaning process lines.

However, the effectiveness of these systems is also reliant on a valve design that should minimise internal volumes and avoid dead flow zones, which can hamper the cleaning process.

The excellent strength and cleanability of stainless steel makes it the material of choice for the vast majority of vessels, pipework and valves, but achieving a high standard of cleanliness involves some refinement of the raw material.

Rise and shine

Some valves use a system of electro-polishing, which involves the removal of 30 μm of metal from the media contact surface with a special electrolyte, under the effect of DC current. The material is removed without mechanical, thermal and chemical influences.

As a result, the surface becomes smooth and shiny in the micro range. Possible damaged outer layers are removed, and the properties of the pure stainless steel can be utilised.

In the past, the polishing process may have been completed by hand, using small electric polishing wheels, which can be labour intensive and time consuming.

This process is now automated and can also involve the use of an abrasive paste that is repeatedly pumped through the valve body in order to achieve a surface finish of less than 0.4 μm.

In hygienic applications where CIP/SIP are operated, it is essential to be able to ensure the cleaning cycle is both effective and efficient

This produces a uniform surface that is then electro-polished to give a near mirror finish for all areas that come into contact with the process media. In this context it is possible to produce extremely smooth surfaces, even in complex valve arrangements, and this enables the CIP or SIP process to be effective.

In hygienic applications where CIP/SIP are operated, it is essential to be able to ensure the cleaning cycle is both effective and efficient.

Where larger scale process equipment is being installed there will almost certainly be a factory acceptance test, part of which must demonstrate and document the effectiveness of the cleaning process.

High standards

However, while the internal set-up of a fluid control system is very important, the external equipment must also meet a number of demanding criteria in order to be deemed suitable for operation in hygienic applications.

Valve positioners/controllers, sensors and control cabinets all play a role in the control system and as such need to be suitably protected against corrosion and cleaning processes.

Once again, stainless steel is a dominant material, but this needs to be coupled with sound engineering design that minimises contamination of the local environment and can withstand regular cleaning processes.

IP ratings, which indicate the level of protection against both solids and liquids, provide an independent assessment for each component, with IP66 and 67 being well suited to environments where regular cleaning takes place.

• Ian Webster is field segment manager, hygienic processing pharmaceutical, at Burkert Fluid Control Systems